Copyright

The first sale doctrine gives the owner of a legally purchased physical copy of a copyrighted work the right to sell, lend, or otherwise distribute that copy.

💡 This is what allows libraries to lend books and DVDs, and it’s also what lets you sell a used textbook or share a CD with a friend.

However, the doctrine applies only to physical copies—not digital content or licensed materials.

When it comes to streaming media, downloaded files, or content accessed through subscriptions, the first sale doctrine doesn’t apply.

• Most digital materials are governed by license agreements, not ownership.
• Licensing terms typically prohibit redistribution, copying, or uploading content into Canvas.
• Publishers and software companies often design terms to limit user rights granted under traditional copyright law.

💡 That’s why it’s important to read license terms and work with the Library to find content you can legally share.

💡 These sections explain the legal basis for first sale and its scope.

At NWACC, scanned copies of printed works uploaded into Canvas are not covered by the first sale doctrine. This is because:

• First sale only applies to redistribution of physical items.
• Scanning a book chapter or article is a form of reproduction, not distribution.
• Such uses must be justified by fair use or explicit permission.

💡 This guidance is reflected in the procedures tied to NWACC’s official copyright policy.