In-Text Citations
How to paraphrase, summarize, and cite in-text!
In-Text Citation Formatting
Basic APA Style
| Author type | Parenthetical citation | Narrative citation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 author | (Clymer, 2022) | Clymer (2022) argued… |
| 2 authors | (Rattler & Rewis, 2022) | Rattler and Rewis (2022) suggested… |
| 3 or more authors | (Dobbs et al., 2022) | Dobbs et al. (2022) illustrated… |
|
Group author with abbreviation After the 1st use: |
(American Psychological Association [APA], 2022) (APA, 2022) |
American Psychological Association (APA, 2022) recommended…. |
| Group author without abbreviation | (Alzheimer's Association, 2023) | Alzheimer's Association (2023) reported… |
Basic MLA Style
| Author type | Parenthetical citation | Narrative citation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 author | (Clymer) | Clymer argues… |
| 2 authors | (Rattler and Rewis) | Rattler and Rewis suggest… |
| 3 or more authors | (Dobbs et al.) | Dobbs and others illustrate… Dobbs and colleagues illustrate… |
| Group author with abbreviation |
(American Psychological Association [APA]) (APA) |
American Psychological Association (APA) recommends…. |
| Group author without abbreviation | (Alzheimer's Association) | Alzheimer's Association reports… |
Checklists
- APA In-Text Citation ChecklistComplete the APA's checklist for each sentence in your paper that relies on another
source.
- When and How to Create MLA In-Text CitationsLet this flowchart guide you.
MLA and APA Resources
- MLA - In-Text Citations OverviewThe official MLA website guide to in-text citations!
- APA - In-Text Citations OverviewThe official APA guide to in-text citations!
Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Quoting, Oh My!
- Paraphrase, Summarize, and Quote WellThis resources explains the differences between paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting as well as tips and examples.
