Need to book an appointment with a librarian? Click here!
All APA reference list entries answer the basic questions of WHO? WHAT? WHEN? and WHERE?
WHO is the author or creator of the source?
WHAT is the name or title of the source?
WHEN was the source published or uploaded?
WHERE can the reader go to find the source? This might be a specific issue of a journal, certain page numbers, or a link.
If you are unable to locate components for a reference, the APA Style website has a page on Missing Reference Information.
All APA reference list entries contain four main components: author, date, title, and source. Those components are organized as follows:
